HYDRAULICS AND IRRIGATION ENGINEERING
Subject Code
16504
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Theory
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No of Period in one
session : 60
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||||
No. of Periods Per Week
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Full Marks
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:
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100
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L
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T
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P/S
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Annual Exam.
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:
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80
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06
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-
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-
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Internal Exam.
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:
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20
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Rationale &
Objective :
This subject “Hydraulics &
Irrigation Engineering” is one of the important papers of civil engineering
which can be utilised in improving the basic occupation i.e. Agriculture of the
rural area as depends on water also. The hydraulics deals with the effect of
water in both hydrostatic & kinetic stage as well as characteristics of
flowing in open channel as well as irrigation explains the basic concept of
applications of fluid flow problems in wide variety of irrigation structures
like canal, canal Head works, Regulatory and Cross Drainage works etc. To
ensure a correct and economical design of an irrigation system an engineer must
be acquainted with the aspect of irrigation as well as principle of Hydraulics.
The knowledge and skill of Hydraulics
& Irrigation will create an appropriate attitude of technicians of Civil
Engineering (Rural) towards solving the basic needs of Agriculture of Rural
areas.
With this objective, this subject is
divided into two groups-Groups A & Group B. Group a deals with the topics
of Hydraulics whereas Group B contains the topics of Irrigation. The details of
topics are as follows:
S.No.
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Topics
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Periods
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GROUP-A : HYDRAULICS
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01
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Hydrostatics.
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(08)
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02
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Buoyancy.
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(05)
|
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03
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Hydro-Kinematics.
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(05)
|
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04
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Measurement of
flow.
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(07)
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05
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Flow through
open channel.
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(05)
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Sub Total A :
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(30)
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GROUP-B : IRRIGATION
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|||
06
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Hydrology.
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(08)
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07
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Lift of Flow
Irrigation.
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(05)
|
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08
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Head Works.
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(05)
|
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09
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Irrigation.
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(07)
|
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10
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Miscellaneous
topics.
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(05)
|
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Sub Total B :
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(30)
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Total :
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(60)
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CONTENTS:
GROUP-A
: HYDRAULICS
TOPIC: 01 – HYDROSTATICS :
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[08]
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01.01
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Brief study of fluid properties like
density, Specific weight, Compressibility, Surface Tension, Viscosity and
Vapour Pressure.
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01.02
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Knowledge of units & dimensions of
various parameters like discharge, pressure, pressure head, energy and power.
|
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01.03
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Total liquid pressure, intensity of
pressure and pressure head. Laws of liquid pressure, Atmospheric pressure,
Gauge pressure, Negative pressure and absolute pressure.
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01.04
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Measurement of pressure by Simple
Manometer, Differential Manometer and inverted manometer only.
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01.05
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Total pressure & centre of
pressure including its location for horizontal, vertical and inclined
surfaces.
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01.06
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Pressure Diagram for different cases.
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01.07
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Simple numerical problems based on
above topics.
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01.08
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Basic idea of forces on vertical dam,
walls & gates (excluding numerical problems).
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TOPIC: 02 – BUOYANCY:
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[05]
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02.01
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Buoyant force and centre of buoyancy.
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02.02
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Kinds of equilibrium of a floating
body stable, unstable and neutral equilibrium.
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02.03
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Meta centre and Meta centric Height,
Analytical & experimental determination of
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02.04
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Simple numerical problems based on
above topics.
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TOPIC: 03 – HYDRO-KINEMATICS :
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[05]
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03.01
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Types of flow-Definition & basic
concept of Laminar & Turbulent flow, steady & non-steady flow, sub
critical & Super critical flow and compressible & non-compressible
flow. Reynold number, Froude number & webber number (definition only).
|
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03.02
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Definitions & basic idea of Datum
head, Velocity head, pressure head & total head. Equation of continuity
for one dimensional steady flow. Assumptions statement explanation &
limitations of Bernoulli’s equation. Application of Bernoulli’s equation.
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03.02.01
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Venturimeter- coefficient of
Venturimeter & Discharge of Venturimeter.
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03.03
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Simple numerical problems related to
above topics.
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TOPIC: 04 – MEASUREMENT OF FLOW:
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[07]
|
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04.01
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Definitions of coefficient of
contraction, coefficient of discharge and coefficient of velocity including
their relation.
|
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04.02
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Definitions and types of orifices and
notches as well as weirs. Flow through Rectangular, triangular and
trapezoidal notches. Velocity of approach and its effect.
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04.03
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Loss of head due to friction in pipe-Darcy’s
equation. Loss at sudden enlargement and sudden contraction of cross section
of pipe. Miscellaneous losses in pipe flow.
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04.04
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Simple numerical problems related to
above topics.
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04.05
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Hydraulic Gradient line & total
energy line, simple idea of water hammer and hydraulic jump, Specific energy
diagram. (Excluding numerical problems)
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TOPIC: 05 – FLOW THROUGH OPEN CHANNEL:
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[05]
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05.01
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Steady uniform flow through
rectangular and trapezoidal channels.
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05.02
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Chazy’s & Manning formula.
|
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05.03
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Channel of most economical
section-Rectangular & Trapezoidal section.
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05.04
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Simple numerical problems related to
above topics.
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GROUP-B
: IRRIGATION
TOPIC: 06 – HYDROLOGY:
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[08]
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||
06.01
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Hydrological Cycle- Concept &
details component. Rainfall and its measurement by automatic &
non-automatic rain gauges. Average rainfall over catchment.Run Off- factors
affecting run off & determination of flood discharge including of run
off.
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06.02
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Hydrograph - definition, types and
its application in determination of run off.
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TOPIC: 07 – LIFT OF FLOW IRRIGATION:
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[05]
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07.01
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Irrigation method, necessary,
advantages, disadvantages & limitations of Lift irrigation in particular.
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07.02
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Yield of open well-Pump test &
Recharge Method. Determination of Yield of wells from Darcy’s law- confined
& unconfined aquifers. Technical terms related to well hydraulics. Simple
numerical problems related to this topic.
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07.03
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Types of canal, canal alignment &
typical cross section of canal. Design of regime irrigation canals by Lacy’s
& Kennedy’s theory. Simple problem based on these methods of design.
Canal lining- purpose, advantages & disadvantages.
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TOPIC: 08 – HEAD WORKS:
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[05]
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08.01
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Diversion Head Works- Definition,
Objects, General layout of a division head works. Function of divide wall, under
sluice, fish ladder, head regulator & approns etc.
|
||
08.02
|
Storage Head Works- Types of Dams,
essential characteristics of dam with their component parts. Condition of
stability of dam. Seepage in earthen dam & its control. Functions &
elementary idea of spillways & gates.
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TOPIC: 09 – IRRIGATION:
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[07]
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09.01
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Cross Drainage works- Function, its
types.
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09.02
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Head Regulators, Cross Regulators,
falls & escapes.
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09.03
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River Training works-Functions &
Methods only.
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TOPIC: 10 –MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS:
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[05]
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10.01
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Sprinkling Irrigation.
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10.02
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Siltation in Canal- causes &
remedy.
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10.03
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Water logging- causes &
preventive measures, reclamation of
water logged areas.
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10.04
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Soil Conservation Methods.
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10.05
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Watershed Management.
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10.06
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Causes of Floods and its management.
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Books Recommended:
1.
|
Hydraulics, Fluid Mechanics &
Hydraulic Machine (Hindi), M. B. K. publication
|
-
|
J. Lal
|
2.
|
Fundamental Principle of Hydraulics,
Charotar Book Stall, Anand
|
-
|
V. B. Priyani
|
3.
|
Hydraulics & Hydraulic Machinery, T.M.H.
|
-
|
T. T. T. I.
|
4.
|
ty pkidh; ,oa flapkbZ vfHk;kaf=dh,
Standard Publishers Distributors,
|
-
|
S. K. Mishra
|
5.
|
nzo bathfu;jh ,oa nzo pkfyr e’khu,
Standard Publishers Distributors,
|
-
|
B. L. Gupta
|
6.
|
Engineering Hydrology, Standard
Publishers Distributors,
|
-
|
B. L. Gupta
|
7.
|
Irrigation & Water Power Engg.,
Standard Publishers Distributors,
|
-
|
Dr. B. C. Punamia
|
8.
|
Fundamentals of irrigation Engg,
Nemchand & Brothers
|
-
|
Bharat Singh
|
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